Supported Algorithms — Encryption, Key Exchange & Signatures

ANKASecure release: v2.0
last update: 2025-05-09

1 • Algorithms for Encryption and Key Exchange

Algorithm	Variant	Type	Security Level	Recommended Use-Cases	Standards
ML-KEM	ML-KEM-512	Lattice-based (PQC)	Level 1 (medium)	General-purpose communications & IoT gateways.	NIST, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	ML-KEM-768	Lattice-based (PQC)	Level 3 (high)	Finance, healthcare records, confidential SaaS workloads.	NIST, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	ML-KEM-1024	Lattice-based (PQC)	Level 5 (very-high)	Government, defence, critical infrastructure, long-term archives.	NIST, NSA, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
HQC	HQC-128	Code-based (PQC)	Level 1 (medium)	Quantum-resistant VPN tunnels, e-mail encryption.	ETSI
	HQC-192	Code-based (PQC)	Level 3 (high)	Enterprise B2B links, PKI root key establishment.	ETSI
	HQC-256	Code-based (PQC)	Level 5 (very-high)	National security, highly regulated sectors demanding maximal assurances.	ETSI
FrodoKEM	Frodo	Lattice-based (PQC)	Level 5 (very-high)	Ultra-sensitive data centres, research archives exceeding 30-year lifetime.	BSI
RSA	RSA-2048	Traditional (non-PQC)	Medium	Short-term certificates, backward compatibility.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	RSA-3072	Traditional (non-PQC)	Medium-high	Near-term confidentiality during PQC migration.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, NSA, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	RSA-4096	Traditional (non-PQC)	High	Medium-term signed documents (start PQC dual-certs).	NIST, ISO, ETSI, NSA, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	RSA-6144 / 8192	Traditional (non-PQC)	Very-high	Long-term archival integrity until PQC switch-over.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
Elliptic Curves (EC)	EC-256 / EC-384 / EC-521	Traditional (non-PQC)	Medium-high	Mobile & web apps expecting refresh < 2 years; dual-stack with PQC advised.	EC-256 / 521: NIST, ISO, ETSI, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA • EC-384: + NSA
AES (Symmetric)	AES-128 / AES-GCM-128 / AES-CCM-128	Symmetric (part-quantum-safe)	Medium	High-throughput data pipelines, streaming media.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, NSA, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	AES-192 / AES-GCM-192 / AES-CCM-192	Symmetric (part-quantum-safe)	High	Balance between performance & longevity, enterprise DB encryption.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, NSA, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	AES-256 / AES-GCM-256 / AES-CCM-256	Symmetric (quantum-secure)	Very-high	Long-term storage, regulated archives, zero-trust file systems.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, NSA, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA

2 • Algorithms for Digital Signatures

Algorithm	Variant	Type	Security Level	Recommended Use-Cases	Standards
ML-DSA	ML-DSA-44	Lattice-based (PQC)	Level 2 (medium-high)	General business documents, DevOps artefact signing.	NIST, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	ML-DSA-65	Lattice-based (PQC)	Level 3 (high)	High-value transactions, financial ledgers, CA leaf certs.	NIST, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	ML-DSA-87	Lattice-based (PQC)	Level 5 (very-high)	Government records, eID, regulation-bound digital archives.	NIST, NSA, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
FALCON	FALCON-512	Lattice-based NTRU (PQC)	Level 1 (medium-high)	IoT firmware, blockchain smart-contracts, X.509 leaf certs.	ANSSI, ENISA
	FALCON-1024	Lattice-based NTRU (PQC)	Level 5 (very-high)	Low-bandwidth critical channels, inter-satellite links.	ANSSI, ENISA
SLH-DSA	SHA2-128S/F & SHAKE-128S/F	Hash-based (PQC)	Level 1 (medium-high)	Long-term signatures where larger sizes are acceptable.	NIST, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	SHA2-192S/F & SHAKE-192S/F	Hash-based (PQC)	Level 3 (high)	Legal archives, power-grid firmware signing.	NIST, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
	SHA2-256S/F & SHAKE-256S/F	Hash-based (PQC)	Level 5 (very-high)	Military classified data, e-voting audits.	NIST, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA
XMSS	XMSS	Hash-based (PQC)	Level 3 (high)	Stateful hardware tokens, tamper-evident logs.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, NSA, BSI
LMS	LMS	Hash-based (PQC)	Level 3 (high)	Smart-grid devices, secure boot chains for embedded systems.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, NSA, BSI
RSA	RSA-2048 / 3072 / 4096 / 6144 / 8192	Traditional (non-PQC)	Medium-high → very-high	Legacy PKI, dual-signature migration bundles (PQC + RSA).	see respective RSA row in §1
Elliptic Curves (EC)	EC-256 / EC-384 / EC-521	Traditional (non-PQC)	Medium-high	JWT tokens, TLS 1.2/1.3 handshakes (deploy PQC hybrid suites ASAP).	see respective EC row in §1
Symmetric MACs	CMAC-AES-128/192/256 – HMAC-SHA2/3-256/384/512 – KMAC128/256	Symmetric (MAC)	High → very-high	Authenticated logs, API request signing within a trusted domain.	NIST, ISO, ETSI, NSA, BSI, ANSSI, ENISA

✍️ Implementation Guidance

Encryption & Key Exchange

Prioritise PQC KEMs (ML‑KEM, HQC, FrodoKEM) for all new applications.
Use classical RSA/ECC only for backward compatibility during a defined migration window (sunsets published Q4 2025).
Symmetric ciphers AES‑256‑GCM or AES‑256‑CCM are mandatory where data must remain confidential beyond 2030.

Digital Signatures

ML‑DSA provides the best size‑to‑security ratio for general‑purpose PQC signatures.
FALCON‑512 is recommended where signature size is the primary constraint (e.g. blockchain blocks, embedded firmware).
SLH‑DSA delivers hash‑based conservation --- choose the appropriate parameter set based on retention years.
XMSS/LMS are stateful; deploy only when device storage permits reliable state management.

Symmetric Authentication

Prefer HMAC‑SHA‑256 for high‑throughput API messages.
KMAC256 is available for NIST SP‑800‑185 compliance.
CMAC‑AES‑128 is legacy; plan upgrade to ≥ 192‑bit keys.

3 • Regulatory Standards at a Glance

Abbr.	Body / Region	Scope & Typical Applicability
NIST	U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (FIPS / SP-800 series)	Federal agencies, U.S. critical infrastructure, organisations seeking worldwide interoperability.
ETSI	European Telecommunications Standards Institute (EN, TS)	EU-wide telecoms & IoT, compliance with RED / Cyber-Resilience Act.
NSA CNSA 2.0	U.S. National Security Agency – Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0	U.S. national-security systems, defence contractors, export-controlled products.
ISO / IEC	International Organization for Standardization & International Electrotechnical Commission	Global enterprises needing vendor-neutral, country-agnostic compliance.
BSI	Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (Germany) – TR-02102 series	German federal authorities, KRITIS operators, EU GDPR data processors.
ANSSI	Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d’information (France) – RGS / PRIS	French governmental entities, OIV, defence-related industries.
ENISA	European Union Agency for Cybersecurity – good-practice & candidate schemes	EU Member-State digital-service providers, cloud security certifications.